{
  "_comment": "Canonical pantry catalogue for the Cook page. Ingredient ids are the join key used by data/recipes.json. Edit here, not in the page markup.",
  "version": "1.3.0",
  "staples": [
    "salt",
    "water",
    "sugar",
    "neutral-oil"
  ],
  "categories": [
    {
      "id": "grains",
      "label": "Grains & flours",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "atta",
          "name": "Atta (wholewheat flour)"
        },
        {
          "id": "bajra-flour",
          "name": "Bajra (pearl millet) flour"
        },
        {
          "id": "basmati-rice",
          "name": "Basmati rice"
        },
        {
          "id": "besan",
          "name": "Besan (gram flour)"
        },
        {
          "id": "cornflour",
          "name": "Cornflour (cornstarch)"
        },
        {
          "id": "dalia",
          "name": "Dalia (broken wheat)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "noodles",
          "name": "Egg or wheat noodles"
        },
        {
          "id": "farsan",
          "name": "Farsan (crisp besan mixture)"
        },
        {
          "id": "jhangora",
          "name": "Jhangora (barnyard millet)"
        },
        {
          "id": "jowar-flour",
          "name": "Jowar (sorghum) flour"
        },
        {
          "id": "maize-flour",
          "name": "Maize flour (makki ka atta)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "murmura",
          "name": "Murmura (puffed rice)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "pav",
          "name": "Pav / soft bread rolls"
        },
        {
          "id": "maida",
          "name": "Plain flour (maida)"
        },
        {
          "id": "poha",
          "name": "Poha (flattened rice)"
        },
        {
          "id": "ragi-flour",
          "name": "Ragi (finger millet) flour"
        },
        {
          "id": "rava",
          "name": "Rava / sooji (semolina)"
        },
        {
          "id": "rice",
          "name": "Rice (short/medium grain)"
        },
        {
          "id": "rice-flour",
          "name": "Rice flour"
        },
        {
          "id": "sabudana",
          "name": "Sabudana (tapioca pearls)"
        },
        {
          "id": "sattu",
          "name": "Sattu (roasted gram flour)"
        },
        {
          "id": "bread",
          "name": "Sliced bread"
        },
        {
          "id": "vermicelli",
          "name": "Vermicelli (semiya)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "pulses",
      "label": "Lentils & legumes",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "chana-dal",
          "name": "Chana dal"
        },
        {
          "id": "chickpeas",
          "name": "Chickpeas (kabuli chana)"
        },
        {
          "id": "dried-peas",
          "name": "Dried white peas (safed matar)"
        },
        {
          "id": "horse-gram",
          "name": "Horse gram (kulith)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "kala-chana",
          "name": "Kala chana (brown chickpeas)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "lobia",
          "name": "Lobia (black-eyed peas)"
        },
        {
          "id": "masoor-dal",
          "name": "Masoor dal (red lentil)"
        },
        {
          "id": "moong-dal",
          "name": "Moong dal"
        },
        {
          "id": "rajma",
          "name": "Rajma (kidney beans)"
        },
        {
          "id": "sprouted-moth",
          "name": "Sprouted moth/matki beans",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "toor-dal",
          "name": "Toor dal (pigeon pea)"
        },
        {
          "id": "urad-dal",
          "name": "Urad dal (black gram)"
        },
        {
          "id": "whole-moong",
          "name": "Whole moong (sabut moong)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "whole-urad",
          "name": "Whole urad (sabut urad)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "veg",
      "label": "Vegetables",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "amaranth-greens",
          "name": "Amaranth greens (chaulai)"
        },
        {
          "id": "amla",
          "name": "Amla (Indian gooseberry)"
        },
        {
          "id": "ash-gourd",
          "name": "Ash gourd (petha)"
        },
        {
          "id": "bamboo-shoot",
          "name": "Bamboo shoot (fermented or fresh)"
        },
        {
          "id": "banana",
          "name": "Banana, ripe"
        },
        {
          "id": "beetroot",
          "name": "Beetroot",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "bitter-gourd",
          "name": "Bitter gourd (karela)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "bottle-gourd",
          "name": "Bottle gourd (lauki)"
        },
        {
          "id": "cabbage",
          "name": "Cabbage"
        },
        {
          "id": "capsicum",
          "name": "Capsicum / bell pepper"
        },
        {
          "id": "carrot",
          "name": "Carrot"
        },
        {
          "id": "cauliflower",
          "name": "Cauliflower"
        },
        {
          "id": "cluster-beans",
          "name": "Cluster beans (guar)"
        },
        {
          "id": "colocasia",
          "name": "Colocasia (arbi)"
        },
        {
          "id": "cucumber",
          "name": "Cucumber"
        },
        {
          "id": "drumstick",
          "name": "Drumstick (moringa pod)"
        },
        {
          "id": "eggplant",
          "name": "Eggplant / brinjal"
        },
        {
          "id": "methi-leaves",
          "name": "Fenugreek leaves (methi)"
        },
        {
          "id": "french-beans",
          "name": "French beans"
        },
        {
          "id": "green-chilli",
          "name": "Green chilli"
        },
        {
          "id": "lotus-stem",
          "name": "Lotus stem (nadru/bhee)"
        },
        {
          "id": "mango",
          "name": "Mango, ripe"
        },
        {
          "id": "mushroom",
          "name": "Mushrooms"
        },
        {
          "id": "mustard-greens",
          "name": "Mustard greens (sarson)"
        },
        {
          "id": "okra",
          "name": "Okra / bhindi"
        },
        {
          "id": "onion",
          "name": "Onion"
        },
        {
          "id": "peas",
          "name": "Peas"
        },
        {
          "id": "pointed-gourd",
          "name": "Pointed gourd (parwal)"
        },
        {
          "id": "potato",
          "name": "Potato"
        },
        {
          "id": "pumpkin",
          "name": "Pumpkin"
        },
        {
          "id": "radish",
          "name": "Radish (mooli)"
        },
        {
          "id": "raw-banana",
          "name": "Raw banana / plantain"
        },
        {
          "id": "raw-mango",
          "name": "Raw green mango",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "raw-papaya",
          "name": "Raw green papaya"
        },
        {
          "id": "raw-jackfruit",
          "name": "Raw jackfruit (kathal)"
        },
        {
          "id": "ridge-gourd",
          "name": "Ridge gourd (turai)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "shallot",
          "name": "Shallots (small red onions)"
        },
        {
          "id": "spinach",
          "name": "Spinach"
        },
        {
          "id": "spring-onion",
          "name": "Spring onion"
        },
        {
          "id": "sweet-potato",
          "name": "Sweet potato"
        },
        {
          "id": "corn",
          "name": "Sweetcorn",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "tomato",
          "name": "Tomato"
        },
        {
          "id": "wheatgrass",
          "name": "Wheatgrass"
        },
        {
          "id": "yam",
          "name": "Yam (suran)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aromatics",
      "label": "Aromatics & herbs",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "coriander-leaves",
          "name": "Coriander leaves (cilantro)"
        },
        {
          "id": "curry-leaves",
          "name": "Curry leaves"
        },
        {
          "id": "dill",
          "name": "Dill (suva)",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "garlic",
          "name": "Garlic"
        },
        {
          "id": "ginger",
          "name": "Ginger"
        },
        {
          "id": "mint",
          "name": "Mint"
        },
        {
          "id": "neem",
          "name": "Neem leaves"
        },
        {
          "id": "tulsi",
          "name": "Tulsi (holy basil)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dairy",
      "label": "Dairy & fats",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "butter",
          "name": "Butter"
        },
        {
          "id": "buttermilk",
          "name": "Buttermilk (chaas)"
        },
        {
          "id": "coconut-oil",
          "name": "Coconut oil"
        },
        {
          "id": "condensed-milk",
          "name": "Condensed milk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cream",
          "name": "Cream"
        },
        {
          "id": "ghee",
          "name": "Ghee"
        },
        {
          "id": "groundnut-oil",
          "name": "Groundnut oil"
        },
        {
          "id": "khoya",
          "name": "Khoya / mawa"
        },
        {
          "id": "milk",
          "name": "Milk"
        },
        {
          "id": "mustard-oil",
          "name": "Mustard oil"
        },
        {
          "id": "paneer",
          "name": "Paneer"
        },
        {
          "id": "sesame-oil",
          "name": "Sesame oil (gingelly / til)"
        },
        {
          "id": "tofu",
          "name": "Tofu",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "yogurt",
          "name": "Yogurt / dahi"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "protein",
      "label": "Meat, fish & eggs",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "beef",
          "name": "Beef",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "chicken",
          "name": "Chicken"
        },
        {
          "id": "crab",
          "name": "Crab",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "dried-fish",
          "name": "Dried fish"
        },
        {
          "id": "duck",
          "name": "Duck",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "eggs",
          "name": "Eggs"
        },
        {
          "id": "fish",
          "name": "Fish (firm fillets or steaks)"
        },
        {
          "id": "mutton",
          "name": "Mutton / lamb"
        },
        {
          "id": "pork",
          "name": "Pork"
        },
        {
          "id": "prawns",
          "name": "Prawns"
        },
        {
          "id": "squid",
          "name": "Squid",
          "selectable": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "spices",
      "label": "Spices",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "ajwain",
          "name": "Carom seeds (ajwain)"
        },
        {
          "id": "amchur",
          "name": "Amchur (dry mango powder)"
        },
        {
          "id": "anardana",
          "name": "Anardana (dried pomegranate seeds)"
        },
        {
          "id": "asafoetida",
          "name": "Asafoetida (hing)"
        },
        {
          "id": "bay-leaf",
          "name": "Bay leaf"
        },
        {
          "id": "black-cardamom",
          "name": "Black cardamom"
        },
        {
          "id": "black-pepper",
          "name": "Black pepper"
        },
        {
          "id": "black-salt",
          "name": "Black salt (kala namak)"
        },
        {
          "id": "cardamom",
          "name": "Green cardamom"
        },
        {
          "id": "chaat-masala",
          "name": "Chaat masala"
        },
        {
          "id": "chilli-powder",
          "name": "Red chilli powder"
        },
        {
          "id": "cinnamon",
          "name": "Cinnamon"
        },
        {
          "id": "cloves",
          "name": "Cloves"
        },
        {
          "id": "coriander-powder",
          "name": "Coriander powder"
        },
        {
          "id": "cumin-powder",
          "name": "Cumin powder (jeera)"
        },
        {
          "id": "cumin-seeds",
          "name": "Cumin seeds"
        },
        {
          "id": "dried-red-chilli",
          "name": "Dried red chillies"
        },
        {
          "id": "dry-ginger-powder",
          "name": "Dry ginger powder (saunth)"
        },
        {
          "id": "fennel-powder",
          "name": "Fennel powder"
        },
        {
          "id": "fennel-seeds",
          "name": "Fennel seeds (saunf)"
        },
        {
          "id": "fenugreek-seeds",
          "name": "Fenugreek seeds (methi)"
        },
        {
          "id": "garam-masala",
          "name": "Garam masala"
        },
        {
          "id": "kashmiri-chilli",
          "name": "Kashmiri chilli powder"
        },
        {
          "id": "kasuri-methi",
          "name": "Kasuri methi (dried fenugreek leaves)"
        },
        {
          "id": "mace",
          "name": "Mace (javitri)"
        },
        {
          "id": "mustard-seeds",
          "name": "Mustard seeds"
        },
        {
          "id": "nigella",
          "name": "Nigella seeds (kalonji)"
        },
        {
          "id": "nutmeg",
          "name": "Nutmeg"
        },
        {
          "id": "panch-phoron",
          "name": "Panch phoron"
        },
        {
          "id": "paprika",
          "name": "Paprika",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "rasam-powder",
          "name": "Rasam powder",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "saffron",
          "name": "Saffron"
        },
        {
          "id": "sambar-powder",
          "name": "Sambar powder"
        },
        {
          "id": "schezwan-pepper",
          "name": "Schezwan pepper",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "star-anise",
          "name": "Star anise"
        },
        {
          "id": "stone-flower",
          "name": "Stone flower (dagad phool)"
        },
        {
          "id": "turmeric",
          "name": "Turmeric powder"
        },
        {
          "id": "white-pepper",
          "name": "White pepper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "pantry",
      "label": "Sour, sweet & nuts",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "almonds",
          "name": "Almonds"
        },
        {
          "id": "baking-soda",
          "name": "Baking soda"
        },
        {
          "id": "cashew",
          "name": "Cashews"
        },
        {
          "id": "coconut",
          "name": "Coconut (fresh or desiccated)"
        },
        {
          "id": "coconut-milk",
          "name": "Coconut milk"
        },
        {
          "id": "dates",
          "name": "Dates"
        },
        {
          "id": "dried-apricot",
          "name": "Dried apricots (khubani)"
        },
        {
          "id": "dried-coconut",
          "name": "Dried coconut (copra)"
        },
        {
          "id": "eno",
          "name": "Eno / fruit salt"
        },
        {
          "id": "honey",
          "name": "Honey",
          "selectable": false
        },
        {
          "id": "jaggery",
          "name": "Jaggery"
        },
        {
          "id": "kewra-water",
          "name": "Kewra water"
        },
        {
          "id": "kokum",
          "name": "Kokum"
        },
        {
          "id": "lemon",
          "name": "Lemon / lime"
        },
        {
          "id": "melon-seeds",
          "name": "Melon seeds (magaz)"
        },
        {
          "id": "orange",
          "name": "Orange"
        },
        {
          "id": "peanut",
          "name": "Peanuts"
        },
        {
          "id": "pistachios",
          "name": "Pistachios"
        },
        {
          "id": "pomegranate",
          "name": "Pomegranate"
        },
        {
          "id": "poppy-seeds",
          "name": "Poppy seeds (khus khus)"
        },
        {
          "id": "raisins",
          "name": "Raisins (kishmish)"
        },
        {
          "id": "rose-water",
          "name": "Rose water"
        },
        {
          "id": "sea-buckthorn",
          "name": "Sea buckthorn (leh berry)"
        },
        {
          "id": "sesame",
          "name": "Sesame seeds"
        },
        {
          "id": "soy-sauce",
          "name": "Soy sauce"
        },
        {
          "id": "tamarind",
          "name": "Tamarind"
        },
        {
          "id": "vinegar",
          "name": "Vinegar"
        },
        {
          "id": "walnuts",
          "name": "Walnuts"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "_substitutions_comment": "Directional: if the recipe wants KEY and the cook lacks it, any listed option is an acceptable stand-in. 'penalty' (0-1) is how much match score is lost versus having the real thing.",
  "substitutions": {
    "toor-dal": [
      {
        "id": "masoor-dal",
        "note": "cooks faster, softer texture",
        "penalty": 0.15
      },
      {
        "id": "moong-dal",
        "note": "lighter, less body",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "masoor-dal": [
      {
        "id": "toor-dal",
        "note": "needs longer cooking",
        "penalty": 0.15
      },
      {
        "id": "moong-dal",
        "note": "milder",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "moong-dal": [
      {
        "id": "masoor-dal",
        "note": "similar cook time",
        "penalty": 0.15
      }
    ],
    "ghee": [
      {
        "id": "butter",
        "note": "slightly lower smoke point",
        "penalty": 0.1
      },
      {
        "id": "neutral-oil",
        "note": "loses the nutty aroma",
        "penalty": 0.25
      },
      {
        "id": "coconut-oil",
        "note": "adds coconut note; fine in southern dishes",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "butter": [
      {
        "id": "ghee",
        "note": "richer, nuttier",
        "penalty": 0.1
      }
    ],
    "cream": [
      {
        "id": "yogurt",
        "note": "whisk well and add off heat or it splits",
        "penalty": 0.25
      },
      {
        "id": "cashew",
        "note": "soak and blend into a paste",
        "penalty": 0.2
      },
      {
        "id": "coconut-milk",
        "note": "changes the flavour profile",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "yogurt": [
      {
        "id": "cream",
        "note": "less tang; add a squeeze of lemon",
        "penalty": 0.25
      },
      {
        "id": "coconut-milk",
        "note": "dairy-free; less tang",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "kashmiri-chilli": [
      {
        "id": "chilli-powder",
        "note": "much hotter, use about a third",
        "penalty": 0.2
      },
      {
        "id": "paprika",
        "note": "colour without heat",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "chilli-powder": [
      {
        "id": "kashmiri-chilli",
        "note": "milder, use more for heat",
        "penalty": 0.15
      },
      {
        "id": "green-chilli",
        "note": "fresher, sharper heat",
        "penalty": 0.25
      }
    ],
    "tamarind": [
      {
        "id": "lemon",
        "note": "brighter, less deep; add at the end",
        "penalty": 0.2
      },
      {
        "id": "kokum",
        "note": "more astringent",
        "penalty": 0.15
      },
      {
        "id": "vinegar",
        "note": "sharper; use sparingly",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "kokum": [
      {
        "id": "tamarind",
        "note": "sweeter, less astringent",
        "penalty": 0.15
      }
    ],
    "coconut-milk": [
      {
        "id": "coconut",
        "note": "blend fresh/desiccated coconut with warm water and strain",
        "penalty": 0.15
      },
      {
        "id": "cream",
        "note": "richer, not dairy-free",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "coconut": [
      {
        "id": "coconut-milk",
        "note": "adjust the liquid in the recipe",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "curry-leaves": [
      {
        "id": "bay-leaf",
        "note": "different aroma; a poor but workable stand-in",
        "penalty": 0.4
      }
    ],
    "jaggery": [
      {
        "id": "sugar",
        "note": "cleaner sweetness, no molasses depth",
        "penalty": 0.15
      }
    ],
    "mustard-oil": [
      {
        "id": "neutral-oil",
        "note": "loses the signature pungency",
        "penalty": 0.25
      }
    ],
    "coconut-oil": [
      {
        "id": "neutral-oil",
        "note": "loses the coconut aroma",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "basmati-rice": [
      {
        "id": "rice",
        "note": "grains will be shorter and stickier",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "rice": [
      {
        "id": "basmati-rice",
        "note": "longer, more separate grains",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "paneer": [
      {
        "id": "potato",
        "note": "changes the dish but works in the same gravy",
        "penalty": 0.4
      }
    ],
    "garam-masala": [
      {
        "id": "cinnamon",
        "note": "with cloves and cardamom, ground together",
        "penalty": 0.25
      }
    ],
    "eno": [
      {
        "id": "baking-soda",
        "note": "use about half; add a little lemon juice",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "cashew": [
      {
        "id": "peanut",
        "note": "earthier; blanch and skin first",
        "penalty": 0.25
      },
      {
        "id": "poppy-seeds",
        "note": "traditional thickener in eastern India",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "chickpeas": [
      {
        "id": "rajma",
        "note": "different bean, same method",
        "penalty": 0.35
      }
    ],
    "fish": [
      {
        "id": "prawns",
        "note": "reduce cooking time sharply",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "chicken": [
      {
        "id": "paneer",
        "note": "vegetarian; add near the end",
        "penalty": 0.4
      }
    ],
    "kasuri-methi": [
      {
        "id": "methi-leaves",
        "note": "fresh leaves; use about four times as much",
        "penalty": 0.25
      }
    ],
    "methi-leaves": [
      {
        "id": "kasuri-methi",
        "note": "dried; use far less",
        "penalty": 0.25
      },
      {
        "id": "spinach",
        "note": "loses the bitterness that defines the dish",
        "penalty": 0.45
      }
    ],
    "amchur": [
      {
        "id": "lemon",
        "note": "add at the end rather than with the spices",
        "penalty": 0.2
      },
      {
        "id": "tamarind",
        "note": "deeper and sweeter",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "cumin-powder": [
      {
        "id": "cumin-seeds",
        "note": "dry roast and grind",
        "penalty": 0.05
      }
    ],
    "sesame-oil": [
      {
        "id": "groundnut-oil",
        "note": "milder",
        "penalty": 0.2
      },
      {
        "id": "neutral-oil",
        "note": "loses the nutty aroma",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "groundnut-oil": [
      {
        "id": "neutral-oil",
        "note": "close enough for most dishes",
        "penalty": 0.1
      }
    ],
    "buttermilk": [
      {
        "id": "yogurt",
        "note": "whisk with an equal volume of water",
        "penalty": 0.1
      }
    ],
    "khoya": [
      {
        "id": "condensed-milk",
        "note": "much sweeter; cut other sugar right back",
        "penalty": 0.35
      },
      {
        "id": "cream",
        "note": "reduce it down first",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "whole-moong": [
      {
        "id": "moong-dal",
        "note": "cooks faster, no skins",
        "penalty": 0.25
      }
    ],
    "kala-chana": [
      {
        "id": "chickpeas",
        "note": "softer and larger",
        "penalty": 0.25
      }
    ],
    "lobia": [
      {
        "id": "rajma",
        "note": "needs longer cooking",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "bottle-gourd": [
      {
        "id": "ridge-gourd",
        "note": "similar mild gourd",
        "penalty": 0.15
      },
      {
        "id": "ash-gourd",
        "note": "similar texture",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "ridge-gourd": [
      {
        "id": "bottle-gourd",
        "note": "milder",
        "penalty": 0.15
      }
    ],
    "rice-flour": [
      {
        "id": "besan",
        "note": "different binding; batters will be softer",
        "penalty": 0.4
      }
    ],
    "black-salt": [
      {
        "id": "salt",
        "note": "loses the sulphurous note that makes chaat taste like chaat",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ],
    "almonds": [
      {
        "id": "cashew",
        "note": "creamier when blended",
        "penalty": 0.15
      }
    ],
    "dried-coconut": [
      {
        "id": "coconut",
        "note": "fresh; wetter, so dry roast a little longer",
        "penalty": 0.15
      }
    ],
    "spring-onion": [
      {
        "id": "onion",
        "note": "stronger; use less",
        "penalty": 0.25
      }
    ],
    "raw-papaya": [
      {
        "id": "yogurt",
        "note": "a weaker tenderiser; marinate longer",
        "penalty": 0.4
      }
    ],
    "bamboo-shoot": [
      {
        "id": "raw-mango",
        "note": "provides sourness but none of the funk",
        "penalty": 0.5
      }
    ],
    "maize-flour": [
      {
        "id": "jowar-flour",
        "note": "coarser and less sweet, but binds the same",
        "penalty": 0.2
      },
      {
        "id": "atta",
        "note": "softer dough, loses the maize flavour",
        "penalty": 0.35
      }
    ],
    "sattu": [
      {
        "id": "besan",
        "note": "dry-roast it in a pan until nutty or the filling tastes raw",
        "penalty": 0.2
      }
    ],
    "lotus-stem": [
      {
        "id": "yam",
        "note": "similar starchy bite, none of the lacy texture",
        "penalty": 0.3
      },
      {
        "id": "colocasia",
        "note": "softer, needs less cooking",
        "penalty": 0.35
      }
    ],
    "soy-sauce": [
      {
        "id": "salt",
        "note": "seasons but adds none of the malty depth; use sparingly",
        "penalty": 0.45
      }
    ],
    "cornflour": [
      {
        "id": "rice-flour",
        "note": "thickens less cleanly and can go grainy",
        "penalty": 0.3
      },
      {
        "id": "maida",
        "note": "cloudier sauce, needs longer to cook out",
        "penalty": 0.35
      }
    ],
    "noodles": [
      {
        "id": "vermicelli",
        "note": "much finer, cooks in half the time",
        "penalty": 0.35
      }
    ],
    "tofu": [
      {
        "id": "paneer",
        "note": "richer and not vegan, but takes the sauce the same way",
        "penalty": 0.25
      }
    ],
    "schezwan-pepper": [
      {
        "id": "black-pepper",
        "note": "heat without the citrusy numbing",
        "penalty": 0.3
      }
    ]
  },
  "_glossary_comment": "Shown inline on recipe pages wherever a term is referenced, so unfamiliar ingredients and techniques are explained in place.",
  "glossary": {
    "tadka": {
      "term": "Tadka (tempering)",
      "text": "Whole spices bloomed in hot fat, then poured over a finished dish. The fat carries the aromatic compounds that water cannot extract, which is why the same spices taste different raw. Listen for the seeds popping; that is the cue they are done."
    },
    "hing": {
      "term": "Asafoetida (hing)",
      "text": "A dried resin with a pungent raw smell that turns savoury and onion-like when it hits hot fat. Used in tiny pinches, often in cooking that avoids onion and garlic. Most supermarket hing is cut with flour and is not gluten-free."
    },
    "bhuna": {
      "term": "Bhuna",
      "text": "Frying the masala base until the fat visibly separates from the paste at the edges of the pan. This is the doneness signal for a curry base: before it, the spices taste raw; after it, they taste round."
    },
    "dum": {
      "term": "Dum",
      "text": "Sealing a pot and cooking on very low heat so the food finishes in its own trapped steam. Traditionally the lid is sealed with dough."
    },
    "kokum": {
      "term": "Kokum",
      "text": "A dark, dried coastal fruit rind used as a souring agent along the Konkan coast. Tastes cleaner and more astringent than tamarind and lends a purple tinge."
    },
    "panch-phoron": {
      "term": "Panch phoron",
      "text": "The eastern Indian five-seed blend: fenugreek, nigella, cumin, black mustard and fennel, used whole and never ground."
    },
    "ginger-garlic-paste": {
      "term": "Ginger-garlic paste",
      "text": "Equal parts ginger and garlic blended smooth. Make it fresh where you can; the jarred version is usually preserved with acid that reads sour in delicate dishes."
    },
    "curry-leaves": {
      "term": "Curry leaves",
      "text": "Fresh leaves of Murraya koenigii, unrelated to curry powder. They lose almost everything when dried, so use fresh or frozen. Added to hot oil early so the aroma infuses the fat."
    },
    "kadhai": {
      "term": "Kadhai",
      "text": "A deep, round-bottomed Indian pan. A wok is the closest substitute; a deep saucepan works but the higher sides slow evaporation."
    },
    "resting-dough": {
      "term": "Resting dough",
      "text": "Letting kneaded dough sit lets the gluten relax so it rolls out without springing back."
    }
  },
  "_selectable_comment": "Items used in fewer than three recipes are kept here but marked selectable:false. They stay out of the pantry UI, which is the point, while their proper names and their recipes' ingredient ids remain valid. Deleting them instead broke validation and downgraded 'Bitter gourd (karela)' to 'Bitter Gourd' on the match cards."
}